This DNA Switch Makes the Human Brain Unique
Scientists believe that a DNA switch called Human Accelerated Regions (HAR) makes the human brain unique and distinct from other organisms. Among these, the special HAR123 acts like a volume control. Its function is to determine which gene will be active, when, and to what extent. It can be understood as a TV remote that controls everything.
Determines the Balance of Our Brain
HAR123 has a deep relationship with the brain. It affects neural progenitor cells. These cells produce the two most important cells of the brain, neurons and glia. HAR123 not only increases their number but also determines their ratio. This balance is what makes the human brain unique.
Works Differently in Humans Compared to Chimpanzees
The research found that human HAR123 and chimpanzee HAR123 function differently. The HARs of DNA are the segments that have undergone significantly more changes during human evolution compared to other organisms. This helps humans adopt new information. Scientists say that further research could help in treating autism and neurological problems.